CVE-2025-31161

Published Apr 3, 2025

Last updated 4 days ago

CrushFTP

Overview

AI description

Generated using AI and has not been reviewed by Intruder. May contain errors.

CVE-2025-31161 is a critical authentication bypass vulnerability found in CrushFTP versions 10.0.0 through 10.8.3 and 11.0.0 through 11.3.0. It stems from a flaw in the AWS4-HMAC authorization method within the HTTP component, allowing remote attackers to gain unauthorized access to systems running unpatched versions of the software via unauthenticated HTTP requests. The vulnerability allows attackers to impersonate any known or guessable user, including the "crushadmin" account, by sending a manipulated Authorization header. The server initially verifies user existence without requiring a password, enabling session authentication through HMAC verification before a subsequent user verification check. This bypass can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.

Description: CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.
Source: cve@mitre.org
NVD status: Analyzed

Risk scores

CVSS 3.1

Type: Primary
Base score: 9.8
Impact score: 5.9
Exploitability score: 3.9
Vector string: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Severity: CRITICAL

Known exploits

Data from CISA

Vulnerability name: CrushFTP Authentication Bypass Vulnerability
Exploit added on: Apr 7, 2025
Exploit action due: Apr 28, 2025
Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Weaknesses

cve@mitre.org: CWE-305
nvd@nist.gov: NVD-CWE-Other

Hype score: Not currently trending

Configurations

[
  {
    "nodes": [
      {
        "negate": false,
        "cpeMatch": [
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:crushftp:crushftp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "ABD1B990-3D20-49A1-B62D-60BE724EE83F",
            "versionEndExcluding": "10.8.4",
            "versionStartIncluding": "10.0.0"
          },
          {
            "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:crushftp:crushftp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "vulnerable": true,
            "matchCriteriaId": "832C5DBF-FF1C-447E-812E-063CD844EE07",
            "versionEndExcluding": "11.3.1",
            "versionStartIncluding": "11.0.0"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "OR"
      }
    ]
  }
]